Fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in or on the uterus. While most fibroids are benign, they can sometimes cause significant discomfort and health issues depending on their size, location, and type. Among the various types of fibroids, a subserosal fibroid are one of the most common. These fibroids grow on the outer wall of the uterus and can cause symptoms ranging from mild to severe.
In this blog, we will explore what subserosal fibroids are, the symptoms they may cause, and the available treatment options.
What Are Subserosal Fibroids?
Subserosal fibroids develop on the outer layer of the uterus, often extending into the pelvic cavity. Unlike other types of fibroids (such as intramural or submucosal), subserosal fibroids grow outward from the uterus. They can vary greatly in size, from small, barely detectable growths to large masses that can distort the shape of the uterus.
Because subserosal fibroids grow on the outside of the uterus, they are less likely to cause heavy menstrual bleeding, a common symptom associated with other types of fibroids. However, they can lead to other complications due to their proximity to surrounding organs.
Causes of Subserosal Fibroids
The exact cause of subserosal fibroids is not fully understood, but several factors can contribute to their development:
- Hormones: Estrogen and progesterone, two hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle, are believed to play a role in fibroid growth. Subserosal fibroids often grow during a woman’s reproductive years when hormone levels are higher and tend to shrink after menopause when hormone levels decrease.
- Genetics: A family history of fibroids can increase the risk of developing them. If your mother or sister had fibroids, you may be more likely to develop them as well.
- Lifestyle and Environmental Factors: Diet, stress, and exposure to environmental toxins may also influence fibroid growth, although these connections are still being studied.
Symptoms of Subserosal Fibroids
Since subserosal fibroids grow outward from the uterus, they often do not affect the menstrual cycle directly. However, they can lead to a variety of symptoms due to pressure on nearby organs. Common symptoms of subserosal fibroids include:
- Pelvic Pain or Pressure: As subserosal fibroids grow, they can press against organs in the pelvic region, causing discomfort or pain.
- Frequent Urination: A large subserosal fibroid can put pressure on the bladder, leading to an increased need to urinate.
- Constipation: If the fibroid presses against the intestines, it can cause digestive issues, such as constipation.
- Lower Back Pain: The size and location of the fibroid can cause back pain, particularly in the lower back.
- Bloating: Women with large subserosal fibroids may experience abdominal bloating or feel a sense of heaviness in the pelvic region.
It is important to note that some women with subserosal fibroids may not experience any symptoms, especially if the fibroid is small. However, larger fibroids or those growing near vital organs may cause significant discomfort and require medical attention.
Diagnosis of Subserosal Fibroids
If you suspect you have subserosal fibroids due to persistent pelvic discomfort or other related symptoms, it is important to seek medical advice. To diagnose fibroids, your healthcare provider may perform the following tests:
- Pelvic Examination: A physical exam can help detect abnormalities in the shape and size of the uterus.
- Ultrasound: This imaging test uses sound waves to create a picture of the uterus, helping to identify the size and location of fibroids.
- MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used in some cases to provide a more detailed view of fibroids and their effects on surrounding organs.
Treatment Options for Subserosal Fibroids
The treatment for subserosal fibroids depends on factors such as the severity of symptoms, the size of the fibroid, and the patient’s desire to preserve fertility. Treatment options include:
- Watchful Waiting: If the fibroids are small and not causing significant symptoms, your doctor may recommend regular monitoring to track their growth and development. Many fibroids grow slowly, and some may shrink after menopause.
- Medications: Hormonal therapies can help regulate the hormones that influence fibroid growth, potentially shrinking the fibroid or alleviating symptoms. These include gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, progestin-releasing intrauterine devices (IUDs), and birth control pills.
- Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE): UFE is a minimally invasive procedure that cuts off the blood supply to the fibroid, causing it to shrink. This option is effective for many women and does not require surgery.
- Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary.
- Myomectomy: A procedure that removes the fibroid while preserving the uterus. This is a good option for women who wish to maintain fertility.
- Hysterectomy: A complete removal of the uterus, typically recommended for women with severe symptoms who do not plan to have more children.
- Lifestyle Changes: Although not a cure for fibroids, adopting a healthy lifestyle—such as maintaining a balanced diet, reducing stress, and exercising regularly—may help manage symptoms and prevent fibroid growth.
When to See a Doctor
If you experience persistent pelvic pain, frequent urination, constipation, or any of the symptoms mentioned above, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider. Early detection and management of subserosal fibroids can help prevent complications and improve your quality of life.
Conclusion
Subserosal fibroids are a common type of fibroid that can cause discomfort due to their location on the outer uterine wall. While they often don’t interfere with menstruation, they can lead to pelvic pain, pressure on nearby organs, and other issues. If you suspect you have fibroids or are experiencing symptoms, consult your doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment options. With early intervention and a range of treatment options available, subserosal fibroids can often be effectively managed, allowing women to maintain a healthy and active lifestyle.
